One person one vote is a core principle of democracy and from that comes the requirement for electorates to have a similar population.
The quotas for current boundaries are:
North Island general electorates: 57,243 +/- 2,862
South Island general electorates: 57,562 +/- 2,878
Maori electorates: 59,583 +/1 2,979
The result of this is a huge variation in the area a MP represents – from Rodney Hide in Epsom who covers just 23 square kilometres to Bill English in Clutha Southland, the largest general electorate which is 38,247 square kilometres in area and Rahui Katene in Te Tai Tonga which covers 161,443 sqaure kilometres.
MMP adds to the dispropotion of MPs per square kilometre because list MPs serve parties not electorates and most of them are in the North Island and in cities.
MMP encourages parties to work where the votes are and there are more votes in the North Island and cities than in the provinces and South Island. The result is that the provincial and southern voices aren’t being heard so strongly and that has been exagerated by the bluewash of the provinces in last month’s election because there are very few opposition MPs outside the four main cities.
I’m not suggesting a change to one person, one vote. But when considering if MMP if is retained or not some thought needs to be given to how big electorates can be to ensure MPs are reasonably accessible to their constituents and that they can effecitvely cover the area they are supposed to serve.
A small concession to the difficulty of servicing the larger electorates has been made in the agreement between National and the Maori Party which gives all Maori MPs and those in general electorates larger than 20,000 square kilometres an extra staff member.
However, they don’t get any extra funds for associated costs and while Pita Sharples in Tamaki Makaurau which is 730 square kilometres in area gets an extra member of staff, 23 general electorates which are bigger than that but smaller than 20,000 don’t.
Similarly Nania Mahuta in Hauraki Waikato which covers 12,580 square kilometres gets an extra staff member but Shane Adern in Taranaki King Country (12,869 sq kms) and Anne Tolley in East Coast (13,649) don’t.
The table below (from the parliamentary library) shows the areas electorates cover, colour coded for the party of the MP representing them.
Name
|
Area sq.km
|
Te Tai Tonga
|
161,443
|
Clutha-Southland
|
38,247
|
West Coast-Tasman
|
38,042
|
Te Tai Hauauru
|
35,825
|
Waitaki
|
34,888
|
Ikaroa-Rawhiti
|
30,952
|
Kaikoura
|
23,706
|
Waiariki
|
19,212
|
Te Tai Tokerau
|
16,370
|
East Coast
|
13,649
|
Taranaki-King Country
|
12,869
|
Hauraki-Waikato
|
12,580
|
Northland
|
12,255
|
Rangitikei
|
12,189
|
Wairarapa
|
11,922
|
Taupo
|
9,101
|
Selwyn
|
7,854
|
Napier
|
6,866
|
Rangitata
|
6,826
|
Whanganui
|
5,948
|
Invercargill
|
5,617
|
Rotorua
|
5,535
|
Waikato
|
4,947
|
Coromandel
|
4,653
|
Tukituki
|
4,277
|
Dunedin South
|
2,702
|
Waimakariri
|
1,757
|
Otaki
|
1,728
|
Whangarei
|
1,628
|
Hunua
|
1,266
|
Bay of Plenty
|
1,188
|
Rodney
|
1,051
|
Helensville
|
865
|
Tamaki Makaurau
|
730
|
Dunedin North
|
642
|
New Plymouth
|
579
|
Nelson
|
565
|
Rimutaka
|
518
|
Auckland Central
|
499
|
Mana
|
321
|
Hutt South
|
311
|
Papakura
|
255
|
Waitakere
|
254
|
Mangere
|
155
|
Hamilton West
|
148
|
Wellington Central
|
146
|
Ohariu
|
130
|
Port Hills
|
115
|
New Lynn
|
97
|
Tauranga
|
89
|
Christchurch East
|
78
|
Palmerston North
|
46
|
Wigram
|
40
|
East Coast Bays
|
37
|
Hamilton East
|
37
|
Manurewa
|
37
|
Maungakiekie
|
37
|
Botany
|
36
|
Tamaki
|
36
|
Mt Albert
|
34
|
Manukau East
|
31
|
Pakuranga
|
29
|
Christchurch Central
|
28
|
Ilam
|
27
|
Northcote
|
27
|
Rongotai
|
27
|
Te Atatu
|
27
|
North Shore
|
25
|
Mt Roskill
|
24
|
Epsom
|
23
|