On January 18:
1535 Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro founded Lima, the capital of Peru.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Francisco-Pizarro-um1540.png/225px-Francisco-Pizarro-um1540.png)
1591 King Naresuan of Siam killed Crown Prince Minchit Sra of Burma in single combat, this date is now observed marked as Royal Thai Armed Forces day.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/KingNareuanMonumentatNU.jpg/210px-KingNareuanMonumentatNU.jpg)
1670 Henry Morgan captured Panama.
![Morgan,Henry.jpg](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Morgan%2CHenry.jpg/150px-Morgan%2CHenry.jpg)
1778 James Cook was the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he named the “Sandwich Islands“.
1779 Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer, was born.
![Roget P M.jpg](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Roget_P_M.jpg/200px-Roget_P_M.jpg)
1788 The first elements of the First Fleet carrying 736 convicts from England to Australa arrived at Botany Bay.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/FirstFleetCharlotte1787.jpg/300px-FirstFleetCharlotte1787.jpg)
The
Charlotte at Portsmouth before departure in May 1787
1813 Joseph Glidden, American farmer who patented barbed wire, was born.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/JosephGlidden.png/180px-JosephGlidden.png)
1849 Sir Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia, was born.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Edmund_Barton.PNG/225px-Edmund_Barton.PNG)
1854 Thomas Watson, American telephone pioneer, was born.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Thomas_watson.jpg/200px-Thomas_watson.jpg)
1871 – Wilhelm I of Germany was proclaimed the first German Emperor in the ‘Hall of Mirrors’ of the Palace of Versailles towards the end of the Franco-Prussian War. The empire was known as the Second Reich to Germans.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Kaiser_Wilhelm_I._.JPG/210px-Kaiser_Wilhelm_I._.JPG)
1882 A. A. Milne, English author, was born.
![Monochrome head-and-shoulders portrait photo of A. A. Milne in coat and tie, with pipe dangling from lips](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/19/A._A._Milne.jpg)
1884 Dr. William Price attempted to cremate the body of his infant son, Jesus Christ Price, setting a legal precedent for cremation in the United Kingdom.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Dr_William_Price_-_Statue.jpg/225px-Dr_William_Price_-_Statue.jpg)
1886 Modern field hockey was born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hockey_field.svg/180px-Hockey_field.svg.png)
1896 The
X-ray machine was exhibited for the first time.
1903 President Theodore Roosevelt sent a radio message to King Edward VII: the first transatlantic radio transmission originating in the United States.
1904 Cary Grant, English actor, was born.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cary_Grant_in_To_Catch_a_Thief_trailer.jpg/225px-Cary_Grant_in_To_Catch_a_Thief_trailer.jpg)
1911 Eugene B. Ely landed on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, the first time an aircraft landed on a ship.
![Eugeneely.jpg](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Eugeneely.jpg/180px-Eugeneely.jpg)
1913 Danny Kaye, American actor, was born.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Danny_Kaye_2.jpg/200px-Danny_Kaye_2.jpg)
1916 A 611 gram chondrite type meteorite struck a house near the village of Baxter in Stone County, Missouri.
1919 The Paris Peace Conference opened in Versailles.
1919 Ignacy Jan Paderewski became Prime Minister of the newly independent Poland.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski.PNG/225px-Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski.PNG)
1919 Bentley Motors Limited was founded.
![Bentley logo.svg](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Bentley_logo.svg/225px-Bentley_logo.svg.png)
1933 Ray Dolby, American inventor (Dolby noise reduction system), was born.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/66/RayDolby.jpeg)
Dolby (left) inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: The first uprising of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto.
A group of SS men on the street of Warsaw Ghetto during the uprising
1944 Paul Keating, twenty-fourth Prime Minister of Australia, was born.
Paul Keating in 1979
1944 The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City hosted a jazz concert for the first time. The performers were Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Artie Shaw, Roy Eldridge and Jack Teagarden.
1944 – Soviet forces liberate Leningrad, effectively ending a three year Nazi siege, known as the Siege of Leningrad.
![Blokada Leningrad diorama.jpg](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Blokada_Leningrad_diorama.jpg/300px-Blokada_Leningrad_diorama.jpg)
Diorama of the Siege of Leningrad, in the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, in Moscow
1945 Liberation of the Budapest ghetto by the Red Army.
1954 Tom Bailey, English musician (Thompson Twins), was born.
![](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Thompson-twins-tom2.jpg/220px-Thompson-twins-tom2.jpg)
1955 Battle of Yijiangshan.
1958 – Willie O’Ree, the first African Canadian National Hockey League player, makes his NHL debut.
1969 United Airlines Flight 266 crashes into Santa Monica Bay resulting in the loss of all 32 passengers and six crew members.
1974 A Disengagement of Forces agreement was signed between the Israei and Egyptian governments, ending conflict on the Egyptian front of the Yom Kippur War.
1977 Scientists identified a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires’ disease.
1977 – Australia’s worst rail disaster at Granville, Sydney killed 83.
1978 The European Court of Human Rights found the United Kingdom government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture.
1980 Upper Hutt’s Jon Stevens made it back-to-back No.1 singles when ‘Montego Bay’ bumped ‘Jezebel’ from the top of the New Zealand charts.
1997 Boerge Ousland of Norway becomes the first person to cross
Antarctica alone and unaided.
1998 Lewinsky scandal: Matt Drudge broke the Bill Clinton-Monica Lewinsky affair story on his website The Drudge Report.
2000 The Tagish Lake meteorite hit the Earth.
![Tagish Lake meteorite.jpg](https://i0.wp.com/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Tagish_Lake_meteorite.jpg/280px-Tagish_Lake_meteorite.jpg)
A 159 gram fragment of the Tagish Lake meteorite
2002 Sierra Leone Civil War declared over.
2003 A bushfire killed 4 people and destroys more than 500 homes in Canberra, Australia.
2005 The Airbus A380,, the world’s largest commercial jet, was unveiled at a ceremony in Toulouse.
2007 The strongest storm in the United Kingdom in 17 years killed 14 people, Germany’s worst storm since 1999 with 13 deaths. Hurricane Kyrill, caused at least 44 deaths across 20 countries in Western Europe. Other losses included the Container Ship MSC Napoli destroyed by the storm off the coast of Devon.
Sourced from NZ History Online & Wikipedia